Embedded Networking Articles for Microcontrollers

Embedded Web Server Guides and Tutorials

Core concepts, architecture, and implementation strategies for browser-based interfaces on embedded devices.

Embedded Web Server

Embedded Web Server: A Comprehensive Guide for Modern Connected Devices

This article explains how embedded web servers enable browser-based device dashboards, configuration interfaces, and firmware updates on microcontrollers such as STM32, ESP32, and embedded Linux systems.

Web ServerSTM32ESP32

Device Dashboards

Building Embedded Web Device Dashboards

Overview of embedded dashboard implementation approaches, including REST API, CGI, and browser-based device interfaces.

DashboardREST API

Web File Manager

Web File Manager on STM32, ESP32 and Embedded Linux

A cross-platform browser-based file manager example with upload, download, and file deletion support.

STM32ESP32Linux

STM32H5 × LittleFS

Writable File System on Nucleo-H563ZI internal flash

A step-by-step guide to implementing a file system on STM32 internal flash using LittleFS and Mongoose, with standard file I/O such as fopen(), fread() and fwrite().

STM32LittleFSFlash

Device Management and Health Monitoring

FRDM-RW612 × mDash

OTA and remote control on NXP FRDM-RW612

Push firmware over the air and call your own C functions on the device through a REST API, using Mongoose and mDash. Same steps work on STM32, ESP32 and RP2350.

NXPOTAREST API

STM32 × mDash

STM32 device management: secure OTA, remote control and health monitor

Device management for STM32 Nucleo-H723ZG with Mongoose and mDash: firmware OTA with ECDSA signature check, remote control over JSON-RPC, and crash backtraces from the health monitor.

STM32OTAmDash

Device Dashboards and Real-Time Web Interfaces

Practical tutorials for building embedded dashboards, live status pages, and interactive device controls.

ESP32 Dashboard

ESP32 Device Dashboard: A Step-by-Step Guide for Developers

Step-by-step ESP32 dashboard implementation with state display, LED control, settings, and firmware update flow.

ESP32Dashboard

STM32 Dashboard

How to Build an STM32 Web Dashboard

A practical STM32 dashboard tutorial with device status, controls, configuration, and firmware update workflow.

STM32Dashboard

STM32 WebSocket

STM32 WebSocket Guide

Build a real-time STM32 dashboard using WebSocket communication for responsive browser updates.

STM32WebSocket

25K Websocket msg/s

25000 WebSocket messages per second on STM32 Nucleo-H723ZG

How fast can a bare-metal STM32H723 stream WebSocket messages over Ethernet?

STM32WebSocketBenchmark

Zephyr Dashboard

Web Dashboard on Zephyr RTOS

A Zephyr-focused guide to implementing an embedded web dashboard in an RTOS-based device.

ZephyrDashboard

OTA Firmware Update Guides

Platform-specific OTA firmware update articles covering implementation, architecture, and practical security considerations.

STM32 OTA

STM32 OTA Firmware Update

In-depth STM32 OTA firmware update guide with implementation details and security implications.

STM32OTA

RP2350 OTA

RP2350 OTA Firmware Update

RP2350-focused OTA firmware update guide with implementation guidance and integration details.

RP2350OTA

NXP RW612 OTA

NXP RW612 OTA Firmware Update

OTA firmware update guide for the NXP RW612 platform with practical implementation details.

NXPOTA

Embedded Networking, Ethernet, MQTT, and Stack Comparison

Deep dives into network stack behavior, RAM usage, Ethernet integration, MQTT, and practical trade-offs between solutions.

STM32 Ethernet

STM32 Ethernet Explained

A broad overview of STM32 Ethernet hardware and software integration.

STM32Ethernet

TCP/IP RAM Limits

Limiting TCP/IP RAM Usage on STM32

Strategies for constraining networking RAM usage with a preallocated memory pool.

STM32TCP/IPRAM

Ethernet & Caches

STM32 Ethernet and Caches

Practical and theoretical guidance on using STM32 Ethernet together with data caches.

STM32EthernetCache

MQTT on MCU

MQTT on a Microcontroller

MQTT protocol overview, trade-offs, security implications, and practical implementation on microcontrollers.

MQTTTLS

STM32 × Azure IoT

How to connect STM32 to Azure IoT Hub

Connect an STM32 Nucleo-H723ZG to Azure IoT Hub over MQTT with mutual TLS, then send cloud-to-device messages and call direct methods.

STM32MQTTAzure

STM32 × EMQX

How to connect STM32 to EMQX

Connect an STM32 Nucleo-H723ZG to an EMQX Cloud MQTT broker over TLS, with username/password authentication and per-device topic authorization.

STM32MQTTEMQX

STM32 × AWS IoT

How to connect STM32 to AWS IoT Core

Connect an STM32 Nucleo-H723ZG to AWS IoT Core over MQTT with mutual TLS and an EC device certificate. Bare metal, no lwIP, no mbedTLS.

STM32MQTTAWS

lwIP vs Mongoose

lwIP vs Mongoose - TCP/IP Stack Integration Benchmark

Comparison of lwIP and Mongoose TCP/IP stacks: initial integration steps, RAM and flash footprint, ease of tuning and integration.

lwIPTCP/IPBenchmark

STM32 × Footprint

STM32 TCP/IP footprint: flash and RAM, with and without TLS

Measured on a bare-metal Nucleo-H723ZG: Mongoose TCP/IP stack takes about 36 KB flash and 10 KB RAM, 1.6 KB per connection. With TLS: 82 KB flash, 14 KB per connection.

STM32TCP/IPTLS